There is some help available for private elementary and high-school costs, but it’s limited, and the rules are tricky.
Few Tax Breaks Exist for K-12 Education
K-12 private school education expenses aren’t tax-deductible at the federal level, at least not when they’re paid directly by parents. Most education costs after high school can qualify for some kind of tax break. Grade-school and high-school tuition and expenses don’t count, but there are some exceptions to this rule.
Private School Costs for Children with Special Needs
You can deduct private K-12 tuition for children with special needs if such schooling is medically or therapeutically required. First, a doctor must certify that special education is necessary. Second, you’ll have to itemize your taxes to claim this deduction. That means forgoing the standard deduction. It is $13,850 for single individuals and $27,700 for married couples filing jointly in 2023. These figures are $12,950 for singles and $25,900 for married couples filing jointly for the 2022 tax year. Special education costs are accounted for during tax time as an itemized deduction for medical expenses. However, you can only deduct the portion of the total of your medical expenses that exceeds 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI).
Before-School and After-School Care Costs
You may be able to claim a tax break for the costs of child care either before or after school. This deduction falls under the umbrella of the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC). Whether you qualify for the credit depends on whether you have to place your child in a before-school or after-school program so you can work or look for work. Your spouse must also work or be looking for work if you’re married. The credit applies to both private and public school programs, but you must separate out the cost of the care from any tuition you pay if you send your child to private school. The school should be able to help you with this if your child care costs are rolled into your tuition payments. You can claim a credit on up to $8,000 in total work-related child care expenses for one child, or $16,000 for two or more children.
529 Savings Plans Can Be Used for K-12 Education
A 529 plan, also called a “qualified tuition plan,” works similarly to an IRA but for educational purposes. These savings plans have long provided help with private post-secondary school expenses. They could only be used to pay for secondary education at one point, but the TCJA changed tax law to allow parents to use these plans for K-12 education costs as well. There are two types of 529 plans: prepaid tuition plans and education savings plans. Every state sponsors at least one of them. These plans are established and designated for a beneficiary’s education costs. Contributions to the plan aren’t tax-deductible at the federal level, but their growth is tax-free as long as your beneficiary uses the money for educational purposes. Parents and anyone who would like to contribute to a 529 plan can do so with no limit, up to the plan’s maximum capacity, but contributors should be aware of the gift tax. The federal gift tax exemption is $17,000 per recipient per year in tax year 2023. Anyone who contributes more than this exclusion amount to a single person in a single year, whether through a 529 plan or otherwise, can be subject to the federal gift tax for the amount over the first $17,000 for tax year 2023.
The Coverdell Education Savings Account
Coverdell Education Savings Accounts were introduced by the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. They apply not only to post-secondary educational costs but also to high school and elementary school expenses as well. You can contribute up to $2,000 per year to a Coverdell ESA. Your contributions aren’t tax deductible, but your money grows tax-free while it’s in the account. You can withdraw all of it, both contributions and accumulated interest, for tuition and other qualified expenses without paying any tax on the capital gains. Your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) must be less than $110,000 to qualify for the full $2,000 annual contribution. The limit doubles if you’re married and filing a joint return. Most taxpayers’ MAGIs are the same as their adjusted gross incomes, but you’ll want to check with a tax professional to be sure.
